Techniques

A short, dense zigzag or hand-worked reinforcement stitched at points of stress, such as pocket corners or fly ends, to prevent seams from tearing open.

Surface embellishment technique in which beads are stitched individually or in strings onto fabric with a beading needle and thread to create texture, pattern, or sparkle.

A narrow strip of bias-cut fabric sewn to an edge and turned to the inside, used to finish curved edges with minimal bulk.

A looped edge stitch that wraps around a raw or folded edge, used to finish edges or attach appliqué.

A hem stitched so the stitching is nearly invisible from the right side, worked by hand with a blind hemming stitch or by machine with a blind hem foot.

Fusing interfacing to a large piece of fabric before the pattern pieces are cut from it, ensuring even stability and grain alignment across every piece.

A finish in which a folded binding strip encases the raw edge of a seam allowance, stitched through all layers; used when a seam will remain unlined and visible.

A pleat formed by two folds turned away from each other on the front, creating a flat panel with fabric hidden behind it on both sides.

Construction technique for enclosing a shoulder or yoke seam by rolling the garment body between the yoke layers before stitching, so the seam turns right side out fully finished.