Techniques

A row of straight stitching worked very close to a finished edge or seamline, used to keep facings flat and add a crisp, defined line.

A fabric tunnel formed by folding and stitching fabric to hold elastic, allowing the waist or edge to stretch and fit without a separate closure.

A waistband constructed with elastic sewn directly to the fabric or inserted into a casing, giving stretch and eliminating the need for a fastener.