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A close-fitting Chinese dress with a mandarin collar and side slit, evolving in Shanghai during the 1920s from the looser Manchu changpao into a modern, tailored garment.

A pre-made sandwich of face fabric, batting and backing stitched together in a pattern, used ready-made for outerwear without separate quilting.

A sewing machine, often domestic, optimized for quilting with features such as a wide throat space, extension table, and specialized quilting stitches or a walking foot.

A sewing machine needle with a tapered, sharp point designed to stitch through multiple layers of fabric and batting cleanly.

A line of stitching worked through two or more layers with padding or wadding between them, both securing the layers and creating a raised decorative pattern.