Machines & tools

The reciprocating vertical bar that holds the needle clamp and drives the needle up and down through the fabric with each stitch cycle.

The vertical metal bar that holds the presser foot and moves up or down to raise it clear of the fabric or lower it to apply stitching pressure.

A rotating mechanism beneath the needle plate that catches the upper thread's loop and carries it around the bobbin case to form a lockstitch.

An oscillating arm on the machine head that pulls thread from the spool, feeds slack to the needle, and draws thread up after each stitch is formed.

A pair of metal discs that the upper thread passes between, applying adjustable pressure to balance thread tightness against the bobbin thread for even stitches.