Techniques

A shaped, curved waistband cut to follow the body's natural waist curve rather than a straight strip, giving a closer fit without a separate casing.

A casing constructed with an opening for a drawstring or cord to pass through and be pulled to adjust fit at a waist, hood, or hem.

A fabric tunnel formed by folding and stitching fabric to hold elastic, allowing the waist or edge to stretch and fit without a separate closure.

A waistband constructed with elastic sewn directly to the fabric or inserted into a casing, giving stretch and eliminating the need for a fastener.

A fitted band of fabric, often interfaced, attached to the top edge of a skirt or trousers to finish the waist and anchor a closure.