Make Do and Mend
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A British government campaign launched in 1943 during wartime rationing that taught households to repair, alter, and repurpose existing clothing rather than buy new garments.
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See also
Utility clothing scheme (CC41)
A British wartime program launched in 1941 that standardized clothing designs to conserve fabric and labor, marking approved garments with a 'CC41' label denoting Controlled Commodity.
Zero-waste pattern cutting
A pattern-design method that arranges garment pieces to use an entire fabric width with no offcuts discarded, a technique with historical roots in traditional garment shapes like the kimono and sari.
Fair trade fashion certification
Third-party certification schemes that verify garment supply chains meet standards for fair wages, safe working conditions, and environmental practices, developed largely from the 1990s onward in response to sweatshop scandals.
Fast fashion
A retail business model built on rapidly translating runway and trend ideas into cheap, mass-produced clothing with quick turnaround, expanding globally from the 1990s alongside globalized garment manufacturing.
Mass production of clothing
The manufacture of garments in large standardized batches using factory division of labor and specialized machinery, a shift that accelerated after the sewing machine's spread in the mid-19th century.
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