Mending a seam split
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A seam that has come apart along its stitching line, usually at a stress point like the underarm, needs the old thread trimmed away and the seam restitched, often reinforced with a bar tack.
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See also
Darning
A woven-thread repair for holes and thin worn patches, built by stitching a grid of threads across the gap and weaving a needle over and under them to recreate fabric. Common on socks and knitwear.
Fixing a pulled thread snag
A loop of thread pulled from a knit's surface, leaving a puckered dot, should never be cut. Use a small crochet hook or needle to work the slack back to the fabric's wrong side.
Patching
Reinforcing or covering a hole with an added piece of fabric, sewn behind the damage for invisible support or over the top as a visible feature. Match the patch fabric's weight and stretch to the garment.
Reattaching a lost button
A missing button needs a replacement sewn on with a thread shank matching the fabric's thickness, so it sits without pulling the buttonhole tight. Match hole spacing to the buttonhole and reinforce with extra thread passes.
Replacing a broken zipper
A zipper with broken teeth or a track that won't close needs to be unpicked from the garment and swapped for a new one of matching length and type. Baste the new zipper in before final stitching.
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