Ruffle (garment trim)
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Strip of fabric gathered or pleated along one edge and stitched to a garment or home-sewing project to add fullness and decorative movement at hems, necklines, or edges.
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See also
Cross stitch
X-shaped hand embroidery stitch formed by two crossing diagonal stitches, traditionally worked on even-weave fabric using a grid to build geometric or pictorial motifs.
Fly stitch
Hand embroidery stitch resembling an open V anchored by a short tacking stitch, used singly or in rows to suggest foliage, texture, or decorative seam ornamentation.
Reverse applique
Layered applique technique in which the top fabric is cut away to reveal fabric layers beneath, with the cut edges turned under and stitched to form the design.
Scrap quilting
Patchwork technique that pieces together leftover fabric scraps of varying size and print into a usable quilt top, a common way to use up sewing offcuts.
Stem stitch
Hand embroidery stitch worked in overlapping slanted stitches along a line, producing a narrow twisted rope effect used for outlines, stems, and lettering.
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