Sweatshop
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A manufacturing workplace characterized by long hours, low pay, and unsafe conditions, historically associated with garment production since the Industrial Revolution and a continuing concern in global fashion supply chains.
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See also
Make Do and Mend
A British government campaign launched in 1943 during wartime rationing that taught households to repair, alter, and repurpose existing clothing rather than buy new garments.
Utility clothing scheme (CC41)
A British wartime program launched in 1941 that standardized clothing designs to conserve fabric and labor, marking approved garments with a 'CC41' label denoting Controlled Commodity.
Zero-waste pattern cutting
A pattern-design method that arranges garment pieces to use an entire fabric width with no offcuts discarded, a technique with historical roots in traditional garment shapes like the kimono and sari.
Fair trade fashion certification
Third-party certification schemes that verify garment supply chains meet standards for fair wages, safe working conditions, and environmental practices, developed largely from the 1990s onward in response to sweatshop scandals.
Fast fashion
A retail business model built on rapidly translating runway and trend ideas into cheap, mass-produced clothing with quick turnaround, expanding globally from the 1990s alongside globalized garment manufacturing.
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